Department of Psychology

Education

Ph.D., Oklahoma State University, Educational Psychology: School Psychology
M.A., Marquette University, Community Counseling (Child and Adolescent Emphasis)
B.A., Marquette University, Psychology

Research Interests

Behavior in Education Assessment and Response (B.E.A.R.) Lab
• Universal Social/Emotional/Behavioral Assessments and Supports
• Program assessment and evaluation for social and academic support of learners
• School psychology cultural competency
Interested in learning about our projects? Email grosstj@appstate.edu

Publications

aGraduate Student  bUndergraduate Student

Torelli, J., Granger, K., Miller, A., Noel, C., & Gross, T. (Accepted, 2024). Effects of Online Tiered Training to Increase Teachers’ Use of Positive Behavior Supports. Teacher Education and Special Education.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., & aOkocha, A. (2024). Preliminary evidence for a teacher training model on social/emotional/behavioral universal screening in schools. Evidence-Based Practice in Child & Adolescent Mental Health. Advanced Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/23794925.2024.2344462

Gross, T., & Keesey, S. (2023). Independent factor structure replication of the SAEBRS student and teacher scales. School Psychology. Advanced Online. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000597

Torelli, J., Noel, C., Gross, T., & aMorris, K. (2023). Using adapted alternating treatments designs to assess the effects of in-service training on teachers’ use of classroom management practices. Assessment for Effective Intervention. Advanced online. https://doi.org/10.1177/15345084231190285

Gross, T., Li, Q., & McCarrol, P. (2023). Preliminary outcomes from a learning community to increase biology course knowledge. Journal of Biological Education, 57(2), 343-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2021.1909639

Farley, J., Duppong Hurley, K., Lambert, M., & Gross, T. (2023). Profiles of behavioral, academic, and demographic characteristics of middle school students with emotional or behavioral needs. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 31(3), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1177/10634266221099241

Budziak, J., Super, D., Gross, T., & McElroy, D. (2022). A state university’s assessment of ACUE: Feasible model for evaluating the impact of a faculty instruction quality program. Teacher-Scholar: The Journal of the State Comprehensive University, 11 (1). https://scholars.fhsu.edu/ts/vol11/iss1/2

Li, Q., Gross, T., & McCarrol, P. (2021). Applying the performance pyramid model in STEM education. Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research, 22 (1), 25-33.

Lockwood, A., Sealander, K., Gross, T., & Lanterman, C. (2020). Teacher trainees’ administration and scoring errors on the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (KTEA-3). Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 38 (5), 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282919871144

Noel, C., Gross, T., aRitchie, M., aHacherl, G., & bHowerton, M. (2020). Group-based training on trial-based functional analysis. Kentucky Teacher Education Journal: The Journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Kentucky Council for Exceptional Children, 7 (1). https://digitalcommons.murraystate.edu/ktej/vol7/iss1/1/

Gross, T., Li, Q., & Lockwood, A. (2019). Pilot study to develop an augmented student support needs scale. Journal of Negro Education, 88, 213-228. https://doi.org/10.7709/jnegroeducation.88.3.0213

Li, Q., Gross, T., & McCarroll (2019). Applying performance pyramid model in stem education through peer-led learning communities. International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences, 6 (5), 702-713.

Lockwood, A., Gross, T., Farmer, R., & Loke, S. (2019). Huber inventory of trainee self-efficacy (HITS): Assessment of Measurement Models. Psychology in the Schools, 56 (6), 992-1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22230

Gross, T. & Malone, C. (2019). Examination of multicultural courses offered across school psychology training programs. Contemporary School Psychology, 23, 179-189. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-018-00221-0

Gross, T., aDuncan, J., Kim, S., Mason, W.A., & Haggerty, K. (2019). Predicting school suspension risk from eighth through tenth grade using the strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Contemporary School Psychology, 23, 279-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-018-00215-y

Gross, T., Farmer, R., & Ochs, S. (2019). Evidence-based assessment: Best practices, customary practices, and recommendations for field-based assessment. Contemporary School Psychology, 23, 304-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40688-018-0186-x

Duppong Hurley, K., Lambert, M., Gross, T., Thompson, R., & Farmer, E. (2017). The role of therapeutic alliance and fidelity in predicting youth outcomes during therapeutic residential care. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 25, 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426616686756

Gross, T., Fleming, C., Mason, W.A., & Haggerty, K. (2017). Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-9: Longitudinal measurement invariance across parents and youth during the transition to high school. Assessment, 24, 646-659. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115620839

Mason, W.A., Fleming, C., Gross, T., Thompson, R., Parra, G., Haggerty, K., Snyder, J. (2016). Randomized trial of parent training to prevent adolescent problem behaviors during the high school transition. Journal of Family Psychology, 30, 944-954. doi: 10.1037/fam0000204. doi:10.1037/fam0000204

Gross, T., Duhon, G., Schutte, G., & Rowland, J. (2016). A comparison of group oriented contingencies on addition fluency. Contemporary School Psychology, 20, 130-141. doi: 10.1007/s40688-015-0054-x

Mason, W.A., Fleming, C., Ringle, J., Hanson, K., Gross, T., & Haggerty, K. (2016). Prevalence of marijuana and other substance use before and after Washington state’s change from legal medical marijuana to legal medical and non-medical marijuana: Cohort comparisons in a sample of adolescents. Substance Abuse, 37, 330-335. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2015.1071723

Fleming, C., Mason, W.A., Thompson, R., Haggerty, K., & Gross, T. (2016). Child and parent report of parenting as predictors of substance use and suspensions from school. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 36, 625-645. doi: 10.1177/0272431615574886

Gross, T., Duppong Hurley, K., Ross, J., & Thompson, R. (2016). Comparing self-report and observations to assess the implementation of an in-home program serving at-risk families. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 10, 96-116. doi: 10.1080/15548732.2015.1114061

Gross, T., Duppong Hurley, K., Sullivan, J., Lambert, M., Van Ryzin, M., & Thompson, R. (2015). Program records as a source for program implementation assessment and youth outcomes predictors during residential care. Children and Youth Services Review, 58, 153-162. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2015.09.016

Gross, T., Mason, W.A., Parra, G., Oates, R., Ringle, J., & Haggerty, K. (2015). Adherence and dosage contributions to parenting program quality. Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research, 6, 467-489. doi: 10.1086/684108

Lambert, M., Duppong Hurley, K., Gross, T., Epstein, M., & Stevens, A. (2015). Validation of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale in residential group care. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42, 356-362. doi: 10.1007/s10488-014-0575-z

Gross, T., Duppong Hurley, K., Lambert, M., & Epstein, M. (2014). Psychometric evaluation of the Symptoms and Functioning Severity Scale (SFSS) short forms with out-of-home care youth. Child & Youth Care Forum, 44, 239-249. doi: 10.1007/s10566-014-9280-z

Gross, T., Hansen, B., Wiseman, A., Stein, B., Schutte, G., Yetter, G., Simmons, S., Fontenelle, S., & Rowland, J. (2014). Diversity Self-Study: Instrument development and utilization for program recommendations. Trainer’s Forum: Journal of the Trainers of School Psychology, 33, 21-37.  

Gross, T., Duhon, G., Hansen, B., Rowland, J., Schutte, G., & Williams, J. (2014). The effect of goal-line presentation and goal selection on first-grader subtraction fluency. Journal of Experimental Education, 82, 555-571. doi:10.1080/00220973.2013.813369

Gross, T., Duhon, G., & Doerksen-Klopp, B. (2014). Enhancing treatment integrity maintenance through fading with indiscriminable contingencies. Journal of Behavioral Education, 23, 108-131. doi: 10.1007/s10864-013-9185-1

Gross, T. & Duhon, G. (2013). Evaluation of computer assisted instruction for math accuracy intervention. Journal of Applied School Psychology, 29, 246-261. doi:10.1080/15377903.2013.810127

Selected Refereed Conference Presentations

aGraduate Student  bUndergraduate Student

National

Gross, T., & Jenkins, A. (2024). Applying an Equity-focused Theory of Change to Recruitment and Retention of College Students. Poster presentation at American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Seattle, WA.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aWebster, J., bAkomeah, L., bSpalding, S., bSolomon, M., & bEvans, J. (2024). Factor Structure Replication and Data-driven Extension for the SAEBRS Teacher Rating Scales. Virtual Poster presentation at American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Seattle, WA.

Gross, T., Solomon, B., aWebster, J., bLantz, E., bFirst, O., & bDunn, D. (2024, February). Strengthening Our Role and Career Prospects Through Program Evaluation. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA.

Gross, T., aWaggoner, C., aWebster, J., bSolomon, M., bLe, L., bTowery, C., bWillis-Warthan, C., Torelli, J., Houchens, G., Keesey, S. & Noel, C. (2024, February). A Practical Model to Facilitate Behavioral Screener Use. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, New Orleans, LA.

Gross, T., Li, Q., & Hui, D. (2023, August). Collaborative Role of Psychologists for Improving Minority-Serving Post-secondary STEM Education. Critical Conversation at American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Washington, D.C.

Gross, T., Li, Q., & Hui, D. (2023, August). Performance and Perceptions of HBCU Students in Flipped Classroom Biostatistics Courses. Poster presentation at American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Washington, D.C.

Gross, T., aWaggoner, C., aHendrickson, E., aOkocha, A., Torelli, J., & Houchens, G. (2023, February). Multi-informant Screening to Identify Behavioral Risk and Classroom Management Needs. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Denver, CO.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aWaggoner, C., aHendrickson, E., aCundiff, C., & aOkocha, A. (2023, February). Evidence for a Teacher Training Model on Behavioral Universal Screening. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Denver, CO.

aWaggoner, C., bSmith, A., bSherrard, S., & Gross, T. (2023, February). Changes in Multi-informant Behavioral Screening Risk Prediction after a Pandemic. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Denver, CO.

aWaggoner, C., aHendrickson, E., Gross, T. & Houchens, G. (2023, February). Development of the Principal Rating Form of Classroom Behavioral Needs. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Denver, CO.

aOkocha, A., aHendrickson, E., aWaggoner, C., & Gross, T. (2023, February). Number of Teacher Observations to Efficiently Assess Classroom Management. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Denver, CO.

aRichardson, K., Gross, T., aOkocha, A., aCundiff, C., & aHendrickson, E. (2023, February). Social Validity Ratings and Implications for a Well-established Behavioral Screener. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Denver, CO.

aCundiff, C., & Gross, T. (2023, February). School Mental Health Toolkit Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Assessment Development. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Denver, CO.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aWaggoner, C., & aHendrickson, E. (2022, August). Behavioral Screening Risk Prediction across Raters from Fall to Spring. Poster Presentation American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Minneapolis, MN.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aHendrickson, E., aWaggoner, C., bKundiff, C., & bSherrard, S. (2022, August). Outcomes for Approaches to Teacher Training on Behavioral Screening. Poster Presentation American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Minneapolis, MN.

bOkocha, A. & Gross, T. (2022, August). Examining School Resource Officer Use related to Minority Students. Poster Presentation American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Minneapolis, MN.

bOkocha, A. & Gross, T. (2022, August). District-level Data to Evaluate Exclusionary Punishment with Minority Students. Poster Presentation American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Minneapolis, MN.

Li, Q., Hui, D., & Gross, T. (2022, June). Integration of Innovative Research into Biostatics through A Flipped Classroom Model. Poster presentation for the IUSE Summit, Washington, D.C.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aHines, C., aHacherl, G, & bButler, S. (2022, February). Behavioral Screening Data Use Strategies to Identify At-risk Classrooms. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Boston, MA.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., bCundiff, K., & bOkocha, A. (2022, February). On-line Teacher Training for Behavioral Screening Knowledge and Interpretation. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Boston, MA.

aHines, C., Gross, T., Keesey, S., & bButler, S. (2021, August). Using Base Rates to Detect Systemic Social, Emotional, Behavioral Needs. Poster Presentation American Psychological Association Annual Conference.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aHines, C., & bButler, S. (2021, August). Factor Structure Replication of the SAEBRS Student and Teacher Scales. Poster Presentation American Psychological Association Annual Conference.

Gross, T., Li, Q., McCarroll, P., & aHines, C. (2021, August). Cross-curriculum Biology and Mathematics Learning Community Outcomes at an HBCU. Poster Presentation American Psychological Association Annual Conference.

Gross, T., aHines, C., Li, Q., & McCarroll, P. (2021, February). Finding Fit: Students Support Needs Scale for Minority STEM Learners. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Virtual.

Li, Q., Gross, T., & McCarroll, P. (2021, February). Investigating the Integration of Mathematics into Biology by Reciprocal Course Content Exchange: Comparisons on Primary Outcomes. National Science Foundation Virtual HBCU-UP/CREST PI-PD Meeting.

Ofonedu, M., Mercado, A., Morrissey, M., Flores, Y., Barrueco, S., Thomas, A., Butler, M., Reinhardt, J., Cullinan, C., Moorehead-Slaughter, O., Gross, T., Miron, L., & Ofonedu, I. (2020, August). Walk a Mile Crossing the Border and Facing the System: Experiences of Immigrant Families and Children. Collaborative session for the American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Virtual.

Gross, T., Noel, C., aJohnson, C., aHines, C., aHacherl, G., & bKing, T. (2020, February). Quality Matters: Webcast Family-focused Workshops for Children with Autism. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., Noel, C., Lockwood, A., aHacherl, G., & aRichardson, S. (2020, February). Demystifying Behavioral Assessment: A Model of Teacher Training for Screening. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Baltimore, MD.

aJohnson, C., aTurner, H., Gross, T., & Mason, W.A. (2019, August). APQ: Longitudinal Invariance for Parent Supervision and Inconsistent Discipline Scales. Poster presentation for the American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Chicago, IL.

Gross, T., Noel, C., Farmer, R., aHacherl, G., & aRitchie, M. (2019, August). Examining a group-based teacher training of trial-based functional analysis. Poster presentation for the American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Chicago, IL.

Gross, T., Noel, C., aJohnson, C., aHacherl, G., & Farmer, R. (2019, August). Participant Quality Ratings of a Telehealth Workshop for Families of Children with ASD. Poster presentation for the American Psychological Association Annual Conference, Chicago, IL.

Gross, T., Duppong Hurley, K., Farley, J., Huscroft-D'Angelo, J., & Lambert, M. (2019, February). Symptom Profile Comparison: Emotional Disturbance versus OHI for Behavioral-Emotional Disturbances. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Gross, T., aHacherl, G., Li, Q. (2019, February). Comparing Student Support Needs Assessments for Underrepresented Minority STEM Students. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Duppong Hurley, K., Gross, T., Farley, J., Huscroft-D'Angelo, J., & Lambert, M. (2019, February). Improving Outcomes for Students with ED Using Innovative Parent Support. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Ellis-Hervey, N., Gross, T., & Noel, C., Aura, J., Mitchell, R., Thomas, B., & Bridges, D. (2019, February). Facilitating Teacher Data Use: Establishing the Role of School Psychologists. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Farmer, R., Gross, T., aHacherl, G., bBleam, S., Noel, C., & Keesey, S. (2019, February). Did No Harm: Assessing Effects of the Good Behavior Game. Paper presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Lockwood, A., Gross, T., & Loke, S. (2019, February). Best Model Fit to Assess School Psychology Trainee Self-Efficacy. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

aVolk, E., Gross, T., & Mason, W.A. (2019, February). The Effect of Parenting on Youth Behavior Leading to Suspensions. Poster presentation for the National Association of School Psychologists Annual Conference, Atlanta, GA.

Regional

Gross, T., & Keesey, S. (2024, April). Pilot of an On-line Pre-service Training for Social/Emotional/Behavioral Screening. Breakout Training Session for the KEEP Summit, Virtual.

Gross, T., aWebster, J., bLantz, E., bDunn, D., bSolomon, M., Torelli, J., & Noel, C. (2024, April). Classroom Management Observation Tool (CMOT) Procedures for Usability and Validity. Poster presentation for the KEEP Summit, Virtual.

aLakhmani, A. Gross, T., aWebster, J., bLantz, E., Torelli, J., & Noel, C. (2024, April). A Reliable Method for Assessing Active Supervision from Video Observations. Poster presentation for the KEEP Summit, Virtual.

Gross, T., Torelli, J., aWaggoner, C., aHendrickson, E, bSmith, A., bSherrard, S., & aOkocha, A. (2022, September). Number of Observations to Efficiently Assess Classroom Management and Behavior. Paper presentation for the Kentucky Association of Psychology in the Schools Convention, Lexington, KY.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aWaggoner, C., aHendrickson, E, bSmith, A., bSherrard, S., & aOkocha, A. (2022, September). Teacher Training for Behavioral Universal Screening. Paper presentation for the Kentucky Association of Psychology in the Schools Convention, Lexington, KY.

Gross, T., aKrogh, K., Li, Q., & McCarroll, P. (2022, February). A Comparison of Analyses to Examine the Impact of a Cross-curriculum Biology and Mathematics Learning Community Intervention. Paper Presentation to the 41st Annual Mathematics Symposium at Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY.

Li, Q., McCarroll, P., Gross, T. (2022, January). Biology, Mathematics, and Student Support Outcomes for an HBCU Cross-curriculum Learning Community. Poster Presentation at the Southeastern STEM Education Research Conference, Middle Tennessee State University in Murfreesboro, TN.

Keesey, S., Gross, T., aHendrickson, E, & aWaggoner, C.  (2021, November). Using a Social/Emotional/Behavioral Screener to Identify and Support At-risk Students and Classrooms. Paper presentation and training for the Kentucky Annual Exceptional Children’s Conference, Louisville, KY.

Gross, T., & Noel, C. (2019, November). Trial-based-functional assessment. Paper presentation and training for the Annual Exceptional Children’s Conference, Louisville, KY.

Gross, T., Noel, C., Thornberry, T., Lockwood, A., aJohnson, C., bKing, T., & aHacherl, G. (2019, November). Multifaceted Quality Assessment of Webcast Family Workshops for Children with Autism. Paper presentation for the Kentucky Association of Psychology in the Schools Convention, Lexington, KY.

Gross, T., Keesey, S., aHacherl, G., aRichardson, S., & Noel, C. (2019, May). Pre-service Teacher Training for Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Universal Screening. Poster presentation for the KEEP Summit, Lexington, KY.

Gross, T., Noel, C., aHacherl, G., bKing, T., & aJohnson, C. (2019, May). Providing Families of Children with ASD High Quality Parent-Training Workshops. Poster presentation for the KEEP Summit, Lexington, KY.